Pathophysiology of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

These disorders are linked to dysfunction in brain circuits involved in impulse control, decision-making, and emotional regulation. In OCD, abnormal activity in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit leads to intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and compulsive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety. Dysregulation of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood and behavior, also plays a critical role. Body Dysmorphic Disorder involves hyperactivity in brain regions responsible for visual processing and self-perception, leading to obsessive concerns about appearance. Hoarding Disorder is associated with impairments in decision-making and attachment, making it difficult for individuals to part with possessions, even when they cause clutter and distress.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental rituals (compulsions) performed to alleviate distress. These compulsions can interfere with daily life, consuming hours of a person’s time and creating significant anxiety when not performed.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

BDD involves obsessive concerns about perceived flaws in appearance, often leading to compulsive behaviors like mirror-checking, excessive grooming, or seeking reassurance. Despite the severity of distress, the perceived flaws are often minor or nonexistent to others.

Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding Disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of their value, leading to excessive clutter that can impair daily functioning, create safety hazards, and strain relationships. Unlike simple collecting, hoarding is driven by intense emotional attachment and distress at the thought of discarding items.

When to Seek Treatment

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders can interfere with daily functioning, relationships, and overall well-being. If you or a loved one experiences intrusive thoughts, compulsive behaviors, or difficulty managing clutter and belongings, seeking professional support can provide relief and improve quality of life. At Granite State Behavioral Health, we specialize in evidence-based treatments tailored to each individual’s needs. Contact us today to take the first step toward regaining control and finding balance.